Android 测试构建错误:多个 dex 文件定义了 Landroid/support/test/BuildConfig
我正在尝试将 Espresso 2 添加到我的项目(该项目还有许多其他依赖项)，但在尝试运行测试时遇到了此错误:
I'm trying to add Espresso 2 to my project (which also has lots of other dependencies), but I'm hitting this error when trying to run tests:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/test/BuildConfig;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:596)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:554)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:535)
...
非测试版本工作正常.
有没有人有任何关于最佳调试方法的提示?
我试过运行 ./gradlew -q :<my_project>:dependencies，但我看不出任何明显的问题(虽然我不太了解解释它的输出):
I've tried running ./gradlew -q :<my_project>:dependencies, but I can't see any obvious problems (though I don't know much about interpreting its output):
<snip>
androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- com.squareup.spoon:spoon-client:1.1.2
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.0
| +--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0
| --- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5
| +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
| --- org.objenesis:objenesis:1.0
+--- com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0
+--- org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5 (*)
+--- com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.3.1
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0
| +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
| +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1
| | --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
| +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1
| | --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
| +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
| +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.0
| +--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1
| | --- junit:junit-dep:4.10
| | --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
| +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
| +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
| --- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.2
+--- junit:junit-dep:4.10 (*)
+--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.2
--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.0.0
<snip>
compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.1.0
| --- com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.0
| --- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.1.0
+--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.0 (*)
+--- com.afollestad:material-dialogs:0.7.2.4
| +--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0 (*)
| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0 (*)
| +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0
| --- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.0.0
| +--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0 (*)
| --- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:7.0.0
| --- com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0 -> 22.1.0 (*)
+--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:7.0.0
| --- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:7.0.0 (*)
+--- de.greenrobot:greendao:1.3.7
+--- de.greenrobot:eventbus:2.2.0
+--- com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime:1.4.0
| --- com.squareup.okio:okio:0.6.0 -> 1.0.1
+--- com.squareup.okio:okio:1.0.1
+--- com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.0.0
| --- com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.0.0
| --- com.squareup.okio:okio:1.0.0 -> 1.0.1
+--- com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.6.0
| --- com.google.code.gson:gson:2.2.4
+--- com.squareup.retrofit:converter-wire:1.6.0
| +--- com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.6.0 (*)
| --- com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime:1.2.0 -> 1.4.0 (*)
+--- com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.0.0 (*)
+--- com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.4.0
+--- com.path:android-priority-jobqueue:1.1.2
| --- com.google.android:android:2.2.1
| +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1
| +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.0.1
| | +--- org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.0.1
| | +--- commons-logging:commons-logging:1.1.1
| | --- commons-codec:commons-codec:1.3
| +--- org.khronos:opengl-api:gl1.1-android-2.1_r1
| +--- xerces:xmlParserAPIs:2.6.2
| +--- xpp3:xpp3:1.1.4c
| --- org.json:json:20080701
+--- com.netflix.rxjava:rxjava-android:0.16.1
| --- com.netflix.rxjava:rxjava-core:0.16.1
+--- com.nineoldandroids:library:2.4.0
+--- it.sephiroth.android.library.horizontallistview:hlistview:1.2.2
| --- com.android.support:support-v4:19.1.+ -> 22.1.0 (*)
+--- com.joooonho:selectableroundedimageview:1.0.1
+--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.0.1
| +--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:answers:1.0.1
| | --- io.fabric.sdk.android:fabric:1.0.1
| +--- io.fabric.sdk.android:fabric:1.0.1
| --- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:beta:1.0.1
| --- io.fabric.sdk.android:fabric:1.0.1
+--- com.mixpanel.android:mixpanel-android:4.5.3
--- com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.0.0
+--- com.android.support:support-v4:[21,22) -> 22.1.0 (*)
--- com.parse.bolts:bolts-android:1.1.4
<snip>
我也试过搜索我的 build/intermediates 目录的子文件夹，但我看不到任何确凿的证据(尽管我不确定我是否在搜索目录中的所有外部依赖 JAR)正确的方式).
I've also tried searching subfolders of my build/intermediates directory, but I couldn't see any smoking guns (though I'm not sure I was searching all the external dependency JARs in the right way).
这是我的 build.gradle 的依赖部分:
Here is the dependency section of my build.gradle:
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.1.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.0'
compile 'com.afollestad:material-dialogs:0.7.2.4'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:7.0.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-gcm:7.0.0'
compile 'de.greenrobot:greendao:1.3.7'
compile 'de.greenrobot:eventbus:2.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.wire:wire-runtime:1.4.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.0.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp-urlconnection:2.0.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:retrofit:1.6.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit:converter-wire:1.6.0'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.0.0'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.4.0'
compile 'com.path:android-priority-jobqueue:1.1.2'
compile 'com.netflix.rxjava:rxjava-android:0.16.1'
compile 'com.nineoldandroids:library:2.4.0'
compile 'it.sephiroth.android.library.horizontallistview:hlistview:1.2.2'
compile 'com.joooonho:selectableroundedimageview:1.0.1'
compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.0.1@aar') {
transitive = true;
}
compile "com.mixpanel.android:mixpanel-android:4.5.3"
compile "com.facebook.android:facebook-android-sdk:4.0.0"
// For the Rollbar JAR, as it is not available in Maven central
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: '*.jar')
androidTestCompile 'com.squareup.spoon:spoon-client:1.1.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.0'
androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo:5.3.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.2'
}
更新: 当我从 com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.0.0 更新到 com.android.tools.build:gradle 时:1.1.1，我收到这个警告:
Update: when I update from com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.0.0 to com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.1.1, I get this warning:
Warning:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'. Resolved versions for app (22.1.0) and test app (22.0.0) differ.
更新 (9/07/2015):
如果您使用以下排除项，您可以继续使用 22.2.1:
Update (9/07/2015):
You can continue to work with 22.2.1 if you use the following excludes:
androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test:runner:0.3') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}
androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test:rules:0.3') {
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
}
如果你依赖 espresso-contrib，你也需要排除.
If you depend on espresso-contrib, you need the exclude as well.
支持库22.2.1，依赖又断了；在新的 runner 发布之前，请不要升级到 22.2.1.
With support library 22.2.1, the dependencies are broken again; please don't upgrade to 22.2.1 until a new runner is released.
随着最新版本的 runner 0.3 和规则 0.3，不再需要这个答案.你可以简单地使用
With the latest release of runner 0.3 and rules 0.3, this answer is no longer needed. You can simply use
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'
带有最新的支持库.(撰写本文时22.2.0)
with latest support libraries. (22.2.0 as of this writing)
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'
// com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1 // <-- causes issue
更新 (4/24/2015):
问题在于 com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.1 与 com.android.support.test:runner:0.2(如这取决于 com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0).
Update (4/24/2015):
The problem is that com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.1 is clashing with com.android.support.test:runner:0.2 (as that depends on com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0).
com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1 依赖于 com.android.support.test:runner:0.2，所以它也会导致同样的错误.
com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1 has a dependency on com.android.support.test:runner:0.2, so it also causes the same error.
所以，这个组合会起作用:
So, this combination will work:
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.0.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.1'
...这个也是(没有'com.android.support.test:runner:0.2'):
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.1.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'
原答案:
与 Espresso 文档所述相反，您应该删除此依赖项:
Original Answer:
Contrary to what the Espresso documentation says, you should remove this dependency:
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.2'
因为它是库版本冲突的原因.
As it is the cause for library version conflict.
您还应该更新到 Android gradle 插件 1.1.1，因为该版本会告诉您确切的版本冲突，这在这种情况下很有用.
You should also update to Android gradle plugin 1.1.1, as that version will tell you the exact version conflict, which is useful in this case.