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LNMPT部署示例 需求 架构图 主机信息表 软件版本 1,安装Nginx 2,安装PHP 3,整合Nginx和PHP 4,安装MariaDB 5,安装tomcat 6,整合nginx和tomcat End

分类: IT文章 • 2022-04-03 16:57:24

LNMPT部署示例 需求 架构图 主机信息表 软件版本 1,安装Nginx 2,安装PHP 3,整合Nginx和PHP 4,安装MariaDB 5,安装tomcat 6,整合nginx和tomcat End

目录

Nginx作反代服务器，根据域名转发至后端不同的动态服务器。

MySQL单机多实例，

架构图

LNMPT部署示例 需求 架构图 主机信息表 软件版本 1,安装Nginx 2,安装PHP 3,整合Nginx和PHP 4,安装MariaDB 5,安装tomcat 6,整合nginx和tomcat End

主机信息表

主机名 资源配置 操作系统 角色 IP
nginx 2/cpu+2G/mem CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 Web-Server 192.168.100.11
php 2/cpu+2G/mem CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 PHP-Server 192.168.100.21
tomcat 2/cpu+2G/mem CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 Tomcat-Server 192.168.100.31
MariaDB 2/cpu+2G/mem CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 DB-Server 192.168.100.41

软件版本

名称 版本
Nginx nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
PHP php-7.4.6.tar.gz
JDK jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz
Tomcat apache-tomcat-8.5.51.tar.gz
MariaDB mariadb-10.4.13-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz

1,安装Nginx

安装方式：源码编译安装

主程序安装目录：/apps/nginx

配置文件目录：/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

日志文件目录：/apps/nginx/logs/

PID文件目录：/apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid

LOCK文件目录：/apps/nginx/run/nginx.lock

1.1，依赖环境

yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc
rpm -q pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx
mkdir -pv /apps/nginx/{logs,run,client,proxy,fcgi,uwsgi,scgi}

1.2，编译安装

tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.16.1/

./configure 
--prefix=/apps/nginx 
--conf-path=/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
--sbin-path=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx 
--error-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/error.log 
--http-log-path=/apps/nginx/logs/access.log 
--pid-path=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid  
--lock-path=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.lock 
--user=nginx 
--group=nginx 
--with-http_ssl_module 
--with-http_flv_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module 
--http-client-body-temp-path=/apps/nginx/client/ 
--http-proxy-temp-path=/apps/nginx/proxy/ 
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/apps/nginx/fcgi/ 
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/apps/nginx/uwsgi 
--http-scgi-temp-path=/apps/nginx/scgi 
--with-pcre

make && make install
echo $?

1.3，服务启动脚本

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse 
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.lock

make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g' -`
   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
   for opt in $options; do
       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
               # echo "creating" $value
               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
           fi
       fi
   done
}

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

1.4，启动服务

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx 
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig --level 3 nginx on
service nginx start

# centos7
cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
"""
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
"""

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service
systemctl status nginx.service
systemctl list-units --type=service

测试访问：http://192.168.100.11

2,安装PHP

安装方式：源码编译安装

主程序安装目录：/apps/php

配置文件目录：/apps/php/etc

2.1，依赖环境

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make libxml2-devel sqlite-devel oniguruma-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel mhash openssl-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel

groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx

2.2，编译安装

tar zxf php-7.4.6.tar.gz
cd php-7.4.6

./configure 
--prefix=/apps/php 
--with-config-file-path=/apps/php/etc 
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/apps/php/etc/php.d 
--enable-fpm 
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd 
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd 
--with-iconv-dir 
--with-zlib-dir 
--with-curl 
--with-openssl 
--with-mhash 
--with-bz2

make
make install

# 如果编译失败
make clean

2.3，服务启动脚本

# 配置服务启动脚本
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
chkconfig --add php-fpm
chkconfig php-fpm on

# centos7
cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

2.4，配置文件

cp php-7.4.6/php.ini-production /apps/php/etc/php.ini
cd /apps/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
"""
pid = /apps/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /apps/php/var/log/php-fpm.log
"""

cd php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf
vim www.conf
"""
# 确保本地用户和组存在
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 192.168.100.21:9000
pm.max_children = 150
pm.start_servers = 8
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
"""

service php-fpm start
ps aux | grep php-fpm
netstat -tnl | grep 9000

3,整合Nginx和PHP

nginx作为反代服务器，将php的请求反代至php服务器。

本地静态文件目录：/data/webroot

PHP服务端项目目录：/data/phpapps

3.1，Nginx配置

mkdir -pv /data/webroot
chown -R nginx.nginx /data/webroot
cd /apps/nginx/conf/
vim nginx.conf
"""
user  nginx;
worker_processes  auto;

error_log   /apps/nginx/logs/error.log  notice;
pid       /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid;

events {
	worker_connections   10240;
	multi_accept       on;
	use             epoll;
}

http {
	include         mime.types;
	default_type    application/octet-stream;

	log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                 '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                 '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

	access_log  /apps/nginx/logs/access.log  main;

	sendfile        on;
	#tcp_nopush     on;
	keepalive_timeout  65;
	server_tokens off;
	gzip  on;
	gzip_min_length 1k;
	gzip_comp_level 3;
	gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/javascript text/xml text/css;
	gzip_disable "MSIE[1-6]";
	gzip_vary on;
	
	include extra/*.conf;
}
"""

mkdir extra
vim extra/vhosts.conf
"""
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name test01.com;
		location / {
                root /data/webroot;
                index index.php index.html index.htm;
        }
        location ~* .php$ {
        		# 此处root是PHP服务端所在位置,确保其存在
                root            /data/phpapps;
                fastcgi_pass    192.168.100.21:9000;
                fastcgi_index   index.php;
                fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
                include         fastcgi_params;
        }
}
"""

vim fastcgi_params
""" 
# 增加如下行
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
"""

echo "Welcome to Nginx...." > /data/webroot/index.html

# 检测配置语法
../sbin/nginx -t
../sbin/nginx -s reload

3.2，PHP配置

mkdir -pv /data/phpapps
chown -R nginx.nginx /data/webroot
vim /apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
"""
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 192.168.100.21:9000
"""

vim /data/phpapps/index.php
"""
<h3>Welcome to PHP!!</h3>

<?php
$servername = "192.168.100.41";
$username = "phpuser";
$password = "123.com";

try {
    $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;", $username, $password);
    echo "Succeed...";
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
    echo $e->getMessage();
}
?>
"""

重载nginx和php服务，在客户端测试。

http://192.168.100.11

http://192.168.100.11/index.php

由于数据还未配置，所以无法显示连接状态信息。

4,安装MariaDB

各版本说明

源代码包，编译用的

mariadb-10.4.13.tar.gz

搞mariadb集群用的，单机不需要

Galera 25.3.22

Windows包

mariadb-10.4.13-winx64.msi
mariadb-10.4.13-winx64.zip
mariadb-10.4.13-win32.zip
mariadb-10.4.13-win32.msi

下面这个包是包含glibc的二进制包
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz (requires GLIBC_2.14+)

各linux发行版二进制通用包，比如centos6
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

支持systemd的二进制包， 比如centos7 systemd
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz (for systems with systemd)

下面这几个是32位linux的包
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-i686.tar.gz
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-systemd-i686.tar.gz (for systems with systemd)
mariadb-10.4.13-linux-glibc_214-i686.tar.gz (requires GLIBC_2.14+)

下面这两个是rpm包
Debian and Ubuntu Packages
Red Hat, Fedora, and CentOS Packages

4.1，LVM卷作为数据存储目录

新增一块硬盘作为数据盘，并将其做成lvm格式

fdisk /dev/sdb
:p
:n
:1
:30G

kpartx -af /dev/sdb  # 让Linux内核读取一个设备上的分区表，然后生成代表相应分区的设备
partx -a /dev/sdb
fdisk /dev/sdb
:t
:8e
:w

partx -a /dev/sdb
pvcreate /dev/sdb1
vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb1
lvcreate -L 20G -n mydata myvg
mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata

mkdir /data
vim /etc/fstab
"""
/dev/myvg/mydata /data ext4 defaults 0 0
"""

mount -a
mount

通常为了方便扩容，将数据盘做成lvm逻辑卷

4.2，创建用户和组

groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
useradd -r -m -g 306 -u 306 -d /data/mysql mysql
mkdir /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

4.3，安装mariadb

程序包位置：/apps/mysql

数据目录：/data/mydata

# 创建程序目录
mkdir /apps

# 安装依赖包
yum -y install libaio numactl

# 解压二进制文件
tar xf mariadb-10.4.13-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /apps/
cd /apps
ln -sv mariadb-10.4.13-linux-systemd-x86_64 mysql

# 修改属主和属组
chown -R root:mysql mysql

# 创建配置文件目录
mkdir /etc/mysql
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
"""
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  # 可能需要手动创建
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
innodb_file_per_table=on  # 一张表一个文件
skip_name_resolve=on  # 禁止主机名解析
character-set-server=utf8

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

[mysql]
prompt=\u@\h \d \r:\m:\s>

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
"""

# 服务启动脚本
# centos6
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
"""
basedir=/apps/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
"""

# centos7
cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service
"""
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c "[ ! -e /apps/mysql/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || 
 VAR=`cd /apps/mysql/bin/..; /apps/mysql/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] 
 && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1"

ExecStart=/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER $_WSREP_START_POSITION
"""

# 初始化数据库数据
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

# 添加环境边境
echo "PATH=/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
. /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

# 启动服务
systemctl start mariadb.service
systemctl status mariadb.service
ss -tnlp

# 初始化安装配置
ln -sv /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/
mysql_secure_installation --basedir=/apps/mysql
mysql -uroot -p

配置文件路径：后面覆盖前面的配置文件。

/etc/my.cnf Global选项
/etc/mysql/my.cnf Global选项
SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf Global选项
$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf Server-specific 选项
--defaults-extra-file=path
~/.my.cnf User-specific 选项

4.4，修改mariadb命令提示符

# 临时修改
mysql> prompt u@mysql 
:m:s> 

# 永久修改
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
"""
[mysql]  # 注意是mysql而非mysqld
prompt = \u@\h \d \r:\m:\s>
"""

4.5，创建php连接用户

php数据库：phpapps

php用户：phpuser

mysql
> SHOW DATABASES;
mysql> create database phpapps character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> grant all on phpapps.* to "phpuser"@"%" identified by "123.com";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
> q

# 测试
mysql -uphpuser -p

测试访问：http://192.168.100.11/index.php

5,安装tomcat

JDK：/apps/jdk

程序目录：/apps/tomcat

项目目录：/data/webapps

5.1，部署java环境jdk

tar xf jdk-8u241-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /apps/
cd /apps/
ln -sv jdk1.8.0_241 jdk
vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
'''
export JAVA_HOME=/apps/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
'''

source  /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh && java –version

5.2，安装Tomcat

tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.51.tar.gz -C /apps/
ln -sv apache-tomcat-8.5.51 tomcat
cd tomcat
vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
"""
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
"""

source /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
catalina.sh version
catalina.sh start  # 启动服务
ss -tnlp

测试：http://192.168.100.31:8080

6,整合nginx和tomcat

nginx配置

修改nginx虚拟主机配置文件/apps/nginx/conf/extra/vhosts.conf

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name test01.com;

        location / {
                root /data/webroot;
                index index.php index.jsp index.html index.htm;
        }

        location ~* .php$ {
                root            /data/phpapps;
                fastcgi_pass    192.168.100.21:9000;
                fastcgi_index   index.php;
                fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
                include         fastcgi_params;
        }
        location ~* .jsp$ {
                root            /data/webapps;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header Host $http_host:$server_port;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_connect_timeout      240;
                proxy_send_timeout         240;
                proxy_read_timeout         240;
                proxy_pass http://192.168.100.31:8080;  # 注意后面不能带根
        }
}

重载nginx配置nginx -s reload

tomcat配置

修改tomcat配置文件，修改其默认项目目录。

vim /apps/tomcat/conf/server.xml
"""
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="/data/webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
        <Context path="" docBase="/data/webapps" reloadable="false" crossContext="true" />
</Host>
"""

mkdir -pv /data/webapps
vim /data/webapps/index.jsp
"""
<html>
        <head>
                <title>test page</title>
        </head>
        <body>
                <% out.println("Hellow World"); %>
        </body>
</html>
"""

修改了配置文件，重启tomcat服务。

测试访问：http://192.168.100.11/index.jsp

End

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