菱形多重继承仅具有功能

我想讨论c ++中的继承问题. 基本思想是拥有一个具有属性的基类，以及具有该属性访问器的不同子类.在底部应是一个类，它将子类组合为一个类.它是菱形，会带来一些问题.

i'd like to discuss an inheritance problem in c++. The basic idea is to have a base class with properties and different child classes with accessors to this properties. And at the bottom shall be a class, which combines the child classes to one. It's a diamond shape, which introduces some problems.

class A {
public:
  A() { prop = 1; }
  int prop;
};

class B : public A {
public:
  int getProp() { return prop; }
private:
  B();
};

class C : public A {
public:
  int setProp(int v) { prop = v; }
private:
  C();
};

class D : public B, public C {
private:
  D();
};

usage() {
  A* a = new A();
  B* b = (B*)a; // Works
  b->getProp(); // Works
  D* d = (D*)a; // This fails, because of diamond inheritance
  d->setProp(5);// This is kindof the goal
  d->getProp();// This is kindof the goal
}

因此，我已经阅读了有关虚拟继承的内容，但是我无法实现对D的强制转换，它应该包括B和A的所有方法.也许我在那里缺少一些东西.

So, I've read something about virtual inheritance, but I cannot achieve the casting to D, which should include all methods of B and A. Maybe I'm missing something there.

另一方面.实际上，我在类B和C中仅具有函数，因此通常可以通过采用该类实例的静态包装器来实现这些访问器.但是，我想请您提出一些想法，在没有任何包装的情况下真正实现它，这些包装以原始A作为参数.

On the other hand. I really have only functions in the classes B and C, so in general it would be possible to achieve these accessors via a static wrapper taking a instance of the class. But I'd like to ask you for ideas to actually achieve it without any wrappers, which take the original A as an argument.

我将为您提供一些方案，以阐明我要实现的目标. 想象一下项目A，B，C，D和E

Edit 1: I will provide you with some scenario to clarify what I am trying to achieve. Imagine Project A, B, C, D and E

Project_A contains Class_A. This class contains some member variables.
P_A also creates 5 instances of the class.
Project_C contains Class_C.
P_C also asks P_A to get the 5 instances of C_A.
P_C sets the properties of the 5 instances via its accessors.
Project_B contains Class B.
P_B asks P_A to get the 5 instances of C_A.
P_B gets the properties of the 5 instances.
Project_D contains Class D.
P_D does set and get the properties via the accessors of C_B and C_C.
Project_E contains Class E.
Project_E works on a different property of A.

P_B knows P_A
P_C knows P_A
P_D knows P_A, P_B, P_C
P_E knows P_A

这些项目是由不同的方面进行的.

These Projects are worked on by different parties.

也许这会有所帮助.也许不是.让我们来看看.

Maybe this helps. Maybe it doesn't. Lets see.

这里是另一个伪代码示例.也许这样对您确实更有意义.关键可能是A不知道它拥有哪些属性. (或更确切地说，它们的意思)

Edit 2: Here another pseudo code example. Maybe this way it does make more sense to you. The key may be, that A does not know which properties it holds. (or more precisely, what they mean)

class A {
    map<int, int> props;
}

class B : private A {
    getProp1() { return props(1)}
    setProp1(int prop) { props(1) = prop }
}

class C : private A {
    getProp2() { return props(2)}
    setProp2(int prop) { props(2) = prop }
}

class D : public B, public C {
  // This is just a combination of B and C for comfort.
}

class E : private A {
    getProp3() { return props(3)}
    setProp3(int prop) { props(3) = prop }
}