Struts 2
Struts 2是一个MVC框架,以WebWork框架的设计思想为核心,吸收了Struts 1的部分优点.Struts 2拥有更加广阔的前景,自身功能强大,还对其他框架下开发的程序提供很好的兼容性。下面我们了解一下syruts2的应用
1.1引入架包
1.2创建loginAction类
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package cn.happy.action;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
public class LoginAction implements Action,SessionAware{
private Map<String,Object> map;
private String username;
private String password; <br> //自动装配
<strong> public String execute() throws Exception {
if (username.equals( "1" )&&password.equals( "1" )){
//解耦方式 (对Servlet Api进行封装 借助ActionContext)
Map<String,Object> session=ActionContext.getContext().getSession();
session.put( "uname" , username);
//耦合方式
// HttpSession session2 = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession(); // session2.setAttribute("uname",getUsername()); return SUCCESS;
} else {
return ERROR;
}
}</strong>
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this .username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this .password = password;
}
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> map) {
this .map=map;
}
} |
1.3创建struts.xml文件
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'<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd" >
<struts> <!-- 修改文件 tomact不用重启 -->
<constant name= "struts.devMode" value= "true" />
< package name= "default" namespace= "/" extends = "struts-default" >
<!-- login action -->
<strong><action name= "LoginAction" class = "cn.happy.action.LoginAction" >
<result name= "success" >login/success.jsp</result>
<result name= "login" >login/login.jsp</result>
<result name= "error" >login/error.jsp</result>
</action></strong>
<!-- 第一个action -->
<action name= "HelloWordAction" class = "cn.happy.action.HelloWordAction" >
<result name= "success" >index.jsp</result>
</action>
</ package >
</struts> |
1.4配置web.xml文件
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<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi= "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation= "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version= "2.5" >
<display-name></display-name>
<strong><filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter- class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter- class >
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping></strong>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login/login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app> |
1.5编写JSP页面
1.6在这里就展示一下登录页面与登录失败页面
login.jsp
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<%@ page language= "java" import = "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "utf-8" %>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path+ "/" ;
%> <% @taglib uri= "/struts-tags" prefix= "s" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
<html> <head>
<base href= "<%=basePath%>" >
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form name= "form1" namespace= "/" method= "post" action= "LoginAction" >
请输入用户名:
<s:textfield name= "username" ></s:textfield><br/>
请输入密码:
<s:textfield name= "password" ></s:textfield>
<s:reset value= "重填" ></s:reset>
<s:submit value= "登陆" ></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html> |
在jsp中用到了Struts2 标签
引入
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<span style= "color: #ff0000;" ><strong><% @taglib uri= "/struts-tags" prefix= "s" %></strong></span>
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通用标签(条件,迭代)
1.7 success.jsp
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<%@ page language= "java" import = "java.util.*" pageEncoding= "utf-8" %>
<% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+ "://" +request.getServerName()+ ":" +request.getServerPort()+path+ "/" ;
%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
<html> <head>
<base href= "<%=basePath%>" >
<title>My JSP 'error.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录失败</h1>
<h3>用户名或密码错误,请重新<a href= "login/login.jsp" >登录</a></h3>
<script>
var t= 10 ; //设定跳转的时间
setInterval( "refer()" , 1000 ); //启动1秒定时
function refer(){ if (t== 0 ){
location= "http://localhost:8080/Day-login2-struts2/login/login.jsp" ; //跳转的链接地址
} document.getElementById( 'show' ).innerHTML= "" +t+ "秒后跳转到登录" ; // 显示倒计时
t--; // 计数器递减
} </script> <span id= "show" ></span>
</body>
</html> |
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1.8结果展现
1.9登录成功 用户名:1 密码:1
1.10 登录失败 10秒后会跳会登录
2.0拓展
当我们用到的属性多的时候都写在loginAction类中就会感觉到特别的凌乱,这个时候我们就可以创建一个类来管理这些属性(例:user)
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package cn.happy.entity;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this .username = username;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this .password = password;
}
} |
这时候只在loginAction类中植入这个类就行了
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private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this .user = user;
}
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这样代码就会显得更加的清晰,岁然这样做会让我们的眼前一亮,事物都有两面性有利就有弊。我们用到的属性名前面都要加上管理它们类的名称(如:user.getUsername)
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public class LoginAction implements Action,ModelDriven<User>{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
if (user.getUsername().equals( "1" )&&(user.getPassword().equals( "1" ))){
return SUCCESS;
} else {
//失败回到登录
return LOGIN;
}
}
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this .user = user;
}
@Override
public User getModel() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return user;
}
} |
在1.2中我们可以看到加粗字体的语句解耦与耦合的应用(在下一篇博客中会有详细解释 解耦与耦合的你我他)
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//解耦方式 Map<String,Object> session=ActionContext.getContext().getSession();<br> session.put( "uname" , username);
//耦合方式 HttpSession session2 = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession(); session2.setAttribute( "uname" ,getUsername());
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首先我们先要在登录成功页面配置一道(success.jsp)
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<body> 欢迎你!${uname}
</body>
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实现效果 用户名为1