Linux系统上配置Nginx+Ruby on Rails+MySQL超攻略

安装 RVM

通常使用 RVM 或 rbenv 来安装 Ruby,这里选用 RVM。

$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

载入 RVM :

$ source /home/libuchao/.rvm/scripts/rvm
$ rvm -v
rvm 1.25.12 (stable) by Wayne E. Seguin <wayneeseguin@gmail.com> ......

再执行以下命令:

$ type rvm
rvm is a function
......

说明 RVM 安装正确。
安装 Ruby

用 RVM 安装 Ruby

$ rvm install 2.1.0
$ rvm use 2.1.0 --default
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.1.0p0

国内服务器推荐替换 RubyGems 的到淘宝镜像

$ gem sources -r https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a http://ruby.taobao.org/

否则安装 Gem 可能会非常非常慢。
安装 Rails

其实 Rails 也是一个 Gem

$ gem install rails --no-ri --no-rdoc -V
......
$ rails -v
Rails 4.0.2

至此,Rails 环境已经安装完成。
安装 MySQL

安装 Mysql 及相应的库文件:

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server libmysqlclient-dev

然后进行一些安装方面的设置:

$ /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

创建相应的数据库,并为它新建一个权限小一些的用户:

mysql> CREATE DATABASE blix_production;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON blix_production.* TO blix@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "123456";
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit

导入数据:

$ mysql -u blix -p blix_production < database.sql

安装 Nginx

Nginx 专门处理静态请求,并作为 Unicorn 的反向代理

编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list,末尾处添加以下两行

deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ precise nginx
deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ precise nginx

添加 Nginx 签名

$ wget http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
$ sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key

安装 Nginx

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install nginx

安装完成后可以在浏览器中输入 http://server-ipaddress 查看是否安装正确。
配置 Unicorn

首先编译一下静态文件:

$ RAILS_ENV=production rake assets:clean
$ RAILS_ENV=production rake assets:precompile

Unicorn 配置参考:

worker_processes 2
timeout 30

APP_PATH = File.expand_path("../..", __FILE__)
working_directory APP_PATH

listen 8080, :tcp_nopush => true
listen "/tmp/unicorn.sock", :backlog => 64

stderr_path APP_PATH + "/log/unicorn.stderr.log"
stdout_path APP_PATH + "/log/unicorn.stdout.log"

pid APP_PATH + "/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"

Unicorn 自启动脚本:

#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Example init script, this can be used with nginx, too,
# since nginx and unicorn accept the same signals

# Feel free to change any of the following variables for your app:
TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT-60}
APP_ROOT=/home/libuchao/blix
APP_USER=libuchao
PID=$APP_ROOT/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid
CMD="unicorn_rails -D -E production -c $APP_ROOT/config/unicorn.rb"
action="$1"
set -u

old_pid="$PID.oldbin"

cd $APP_ROOT || exit 1

sig () {
    test -s "$PID" && kill -$1 `cat $PID`
}

oldsig () {
    test -s $old_pid && kill -$1 `cat $old_pid`
}

case $action in
start)
    sig 0 && echo >&2 "Already running" && exit 0
    su -c "$CMD" - $APP_USER
    ;;
stop)
    sig QUIT && exit 0
    echo >&2 "Not running"
    ;;
force-stop)
    sig TERM && exit 0
    echo >&2 "Not running"
    ;;
restart|reload)
    sig HUP && echo reloaded OK && exit 0
    echo >&2 "Couldn't reload, starting '$CMD' instead"
    su -c "$CMD" - $APP_USER
    ;;
upgrade)
    if sig USR2 && sleep 2 && sig 0 && oldsig QUIT
    then
        n=$TIMEOUT
        while test -s $old_pid && test $n -ge 0
        do
            printf '.' && sleep 1 && n=$(( $n - 1 ))
        done
        echo

        if test $n -lt 0 && test -s $old_pid
        then
            echo >&2 "$old_pid still exists after $TIMEOUT seconds"
            exit 1
        fi
        exit 0
    fi
    echo >&2 "Couldn't upgrade, starting '$CMD' instead"
    su -c "$CMD" - $APP_USER
    ;;
reopen-logs)
    sig USR1
    ;;
*)
    echo >&2 "Usage: $0 <start|stop|restart|upgrade|force-stop|reopen-logs>"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

将这个 shell 在/etc/init.d/下做一个软连接,并使其开机自启动:

$ chmod +x /home/libuchao/blix/config/unicorn_init.sh
$ sudo ln -s /home/libuchao/blix/config/unicorn_init.sh /etc/init.d/unicorn
$ sudo update-rc.d unicorn defaults

启动 Unicorn:

$ service unicorn start

在浏览器中输入 http://server_ipaddress:8080 查看效果。
配置 Nginx

Nginx 配置参考:

upstream blix_backend {
  server unix:/tmp/unicorn.sock fail_timeout=0;
}

gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
client_max_body_size 150m;

server {
  listen 80 default;
  return 403;
}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name libuchao.com www.libuchao.com;

  root /home/libuchao/blix/public;

  try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri @httpapp;

  location @httpapp {
    proxy_redirect   off;
    proxy_set_header  Host $host;
    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Host $host;
    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-Server $host;
    proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_buffering  on;

    proxy_pass http://blix_backend;
  }

  location ~ ^(/assets) {
    access_log off;
    expires   max;
  }
}

此时应该可以通过域名直接访问了。